#Intrinsic dark noise series#

Time series of the domain-integrated DTE (m 2 s −2) for the NOISE (dashed) and LARGE (solid) experiments under DRY (gold) and MOIST (green) environment. The stars in both plots imply the time when the initial perturbations are added. (b) Time series of the domain-averaged precipitation rate (mm every 12 h, averaged over 3-h intervals). Dashed line shows the long-wave end of the eddy kinetic energy (wavelength > 1000 km). (a) Time series of the simulated eddy kinetic energy per unit mass from different experiments. Regions within 1500 km of the southern and northern boundaries of the model domain are omitted. The distance between the tick marks on the axes is 1000 km. Horizontal snapshots of the 500-hPa relative vorticity (10 −4 s −1) from (left to right) days 5 to 8 for the (top to bottom) control experiments of DRY, RH50, and MOIST. Vertical cross section of the initial jet for zonal wind (red, every 10 m s −1, >30 m s −1 light green shaded), potential temperature (gray, every 5 K), the tropopause denoted by dark line where the potential vorticity equals 1.5 PVU, and initial water vapor mixing ratio (color starts at 2 g kg −1 and is shaded every 2 g kg −1). Cross-scale contribution of the pressure term Decomposition of the Pressure Term in the DKE Budget Equation.DKE Budget Equation for Different Scale.Error growth dynamics across different scales Intrinsic versus practical predictability: Sensitivity to initial-error amplitude Experiments with initial perturbations added at different times of the baroclinic life cycle Error growth for small-amplitude perturbations at the scale of fastest-growing mode (LARGE) Error growth from small-amplitude Gaussian white noises (NOISE) Intrinsic predictability: Forecast sensitivity to small-amplitude initial-condition errors Overview of the baroclinic wave simulations Initial perturbations (errors) of the “identical twin experiments” Initial conditions for the baroclinic wave simulations

Intrinsic dark noise